Punctuation for some initialisms can vary among style sources. Some examples are NATO, NAFTA, YMCA, and NAACP. Many stylebooks agree that acronyms and initialisms are not punctuated. Initialisms are formed from the first letter or letters of a series of words, and each letter is pronounced (e.g., ABC, FBI). Punctuation for Abbreviations: Acronyms and InitialismsĪlthough sometimes thought to be synonymous, acronyms, initialisms, and abbreviations are different categories of letters.Īcronyms are abbreviations pronounced as words (e.g., AIDS, OPEC). Time eras are usually abbreviated and punctuated ( B.C., A.D.). Zone abbreviations are typically not punctuated ( EST, CDT, PST). Punctuation of time is yet another style item that can vary by source. Whether to abbreviate such date formats is a matter of preference and style. ( March, April, May, June, and July are not abbreviated.) Abbreviations for months are Jan., Feb., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec. In each case, the abbreviation would be punctuated by a period.Ībbreviations for days are Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., Fri., Sat., and Sun. Less-formal writing may accommodate punctuated abbreviations for specific dates. but Addison Street, Pennsylvania Avenue.įormal writing usually does not abbreviate days and months. The Associated Press Stylebook advises to use abbreviated, punctuated compass points and Ave., Blvd., or St. Punctuation for Abbreviations: Addresses, Dates, and Times A comma will also usually precede the title. If a professional title follows a name, its abbreviation might not always be punctuated. Reverend Jones, Professor Newsom, Senator Hanson Some stylebooks may advise to not abbreviate a professional title if it is followed only by the last name. Some common abbreviated titles are: Reverend: Rev. If someone’s personal or professional title appears before the full name, it is abbreviated. Ken Griffey Sr., Ken Griffey Jr., John F. Many stylebooks now also allow for a comma before junior or senior to be omitted. Johnson), MJ (Michael Jordan).Ībbreviate and capitalize junior or senior if it follows an individual’s name. If a person’s full name is abbreviated, use only first letters without periods: JFK (John F. If two successive letters are abbreviated, do not include spaces between the periods.įranklin D. Punctuation for Abbreviations: Names and TitlesĪbbreviate names with a single letter followed by a period. In the meantime, the following guidelines can be useful in providing direction. If you’re ever in doubt about when and how to abbreviate a word, you can start by consulting a current dictionary or stylebook, as prevailing usage can change. This review will help address those questions.Īn abbreviation is a shortened or contracted form of a word or a phrase (e.g., Mister to Mr.). “Fascism has given me suffering and joy but I never disowned it,” said Giuseppe Ciarrapico, a newspaper publisher and former chairman of soccer club AS Roma.Those who write in American English may sometimes wonder when to abbreviate a word as well as how to abbreviate it. One of these is Guiseppe Ciarrapico, who is running for the Senate. Visitors to Rome can buy Mussolini calendars and even Mussolini-branded wine.Īside from the history and kitsch, some Italians still regard themselves as fascists. The cultural legacy of fascism remains very apparent in Italy where Mussolini bullied his way to power in 1922 and stayed there until the 1943 Allied invasion in World War Two.Ī marble obelisk inscribed “Mussolini Dux,” meaning “Duce” or leader in Latin, is a familiar sight to soccer or tennis fans attending matches in Rome’s Olympic Stadium and Foro Italico.Īcross the Tiber in the family-owned Osteria Sireno, locals enjoy home-cooked pasta and beans with the dictator looking down sternly from pictures on all four walls. Memories of Benito Mussolini’s dictatorship are fading but politicians still woo far-right voters who are nostalgic for a totalitarian past or youngsters lured by fascism’s message. Fascists salute a coffin during a funeral at the Church of Santi Angeli Custodi in Rome February 4, 2006.
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